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StackOverflow 2020开发者调查报告

by · July 22, 2020

StackOverflow发布了2020年开发者调查报告，此次有65000名开发者参与了调查，比较可惜的是中国参与的开发者却很少。不过这份报告也大概体现了目前全球开发者的情况了，下面我们来看看具体的报告结果：

关键结果

  1. 过去五年来，Python一直在稳步上升，不过在最喜欢的技术排名中，它从去年的第二掉到了今年的第三，Typescript反超到第二。Rust连续第五年登上了最受喜欢技术的头把交椅。
  2. 在所有的职位中，站点可靠工程师和DevOps专家仍然是薪水最高的职位。80%的受访者认为，DevOps是有用的，44%的组织有最少一个专门的DevOps雇员。
  3. 52%的人发现他所搜索的内容以前曾今看到过的时候的反应是：“嘿，我的老朋友”。
  4. 当遇到无法解决的问题如何做的时候，90%的人会选择来Stack Overflow寻找答案。
  5. 75%的开发者会偶尔加班 — 一个季度一天或两天。25%的人一个星期加班1-2天。
  6. 澳大利亚的受访者用于平均最长年限的编程年限16.9年，紧接着是英国和美国。相应的美国和英国的开发者平均年龄最大，分别是33.7和33.1岁。
  7. 0.3%的受访者在做这个调查之前从来没有访问过Stack Overflow。
  8. 超过40%的受访者在除了Stack Overflow之外的开发者社区注册了会员。
  9. 超过15%的人认为Stack Overflow比去年更好了，这是个好消息，但仍然需要继续努力。
  10. 我们仍然看到有色人种在专业开发中的比例较小，但的确也看到了一些这方面的进步。

受访者分布

中国的受访者目前只占到了0.57%。

开发者角色

开发者类型

看来这是一个多选项，55%的受访者是后端开发或者全栈开发，单纯的前端开发只有37.1%。

Developer, back-end Developer, full-stack Developer, front-end Developer, desktop or enterprise applications Developer, mobile Devops specialist Database administrator Designer System administrator Developer, embedded applications or devices Data or business analyst Data scientist or machine leaming specialist Developer, QA or test Engineer, data Academic researcher Developer, game or graphics Engineering manager Product manager Scientist Engineer, site reliability Senior executiveNP Marketing or sales professional 371% 239% 108% 8.1% 72%

代码是否是一个爱好

很多人在工作之外还在努力写代码，78%的认为他们会把写代码作为一个爱好。从受访者来看，有家庭的人以及妇女则更多的倾向于写代码不是一个爱好。

经验

学习代码多少年

主要是从学习代码到现在多少年

Less than 5 years 5 to g years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 years or more 170% 201% 4.4% 1.6%

专业写代码多少年

这个就是我们正常说的码农工作多少年了，65%的人少于10年。看来不管国内国外，工作10年还在写代码的人果然不是主流。

Less than 5 years 5 to g years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 years or more 0.4% | 0.1%

各种岗位写代码的年限

基本可以看出，有越高年限编程经验的人，所处的职位也是相匹配的。前端开发果然所我们所想的垫底了，也许是以前前端开发不是你们流行。

Senior executiveNP Engineering manager System administrator Developer, embedded applications or devices Database administrator Developer, desktop or enterprise applications Engineer, site reliability Devops specialist Data or business analyst Scientist Designer Developer, game or graphics Engineer, data Developer, QA or test Developer, back-end Developer, full-stack Developer, mobile Data scientist or machine leaming specialist Developer, front-end Academic researcher 109 87

几岁写第一行代码

最近流行写代码要从娃娃抓起，这个调查显示54%的人的第一行代码是在16岁之前写的，这果然验证写代码要从娃娃抓起的理论。

Youngerthan10years 10t011yearsold 12t013yearsold 14t015yearsold 16t017yearsold 18t01gyearsold 20t021yearsold 22t023yearsold 24t025yearsold 26t027yearsold 28t02gyearsold 30yearsoldorolder

教育背景

受教育程度

主流的码农还是本科和研究生。

Bachelor's degree (BA, B.S., B. Eng., etc) Master's degree (MA, M.S., M.Eng., MBA, etc) Some college/u niversity study without eaming a degree Secondary school (e.g. American high school, German Realschule or Gymnasium, etc) Associate degree (RA., AS., etc) Other doctoral degree (Ph.D„ Ed. D., etc) Primary/elementary school Professional degree (JD, MD, etc) I never completed any formal education 126%

本科专业

毫无疑问，计算机相关科学还是在码农中占据半壁江山。

Computer science, computer engi neering or software engineering Another engineering discipline (such as civil, electrical, mechanical, etc) Information systems, information technology, or system administration A natural science (such as biology, chemistry, physics, etc) Mathematics or staüstics Web development or web design A business discipline (such as accounting, finance, marketing, etc) A humanities discipline (such as literature, history, philosophy, etc) A social scienæ (such as anthropology, psychology, political science, etc) Fine arts or performing arts (such as graphic design, music, studio art, etc) I never declared a major A health science (such as nursing, pharmacy, radiology, etc) 61.9%

教育的重要性

有人觉得教育无用论，那么在程序员这里教育程度有影响吗？85%的人还是觉得教育总归还是有用的。

Critically important Very important Fairly important Somewhat important Not at all important/not necessa ry 161%

人口统计

种族和民族

看来这次调查的参与者还是白人居多啊。

White or of European descent South Asian Hispanic or Latino/a/x Middle Eastem East Asian Black or of African descent Southeast Asian Multiracial Biracial Indigenous (such as Native American, Pacific Islander, or Indigenous Australian)

性别

码农的世界女生果然还是少数，即使最多的美国也只有11.8%左右。

United Canada United Kingdom Australia Netherlands France India Germany Brazil Poland 110% 109% 10.1%

变性人

99%的人还是正常的，哈哈。

性别和职位的关系

总得来说，各个职位男性都比女性多。在数据科学家，机器学习，前端方面女性的比例相对比较好一点。

Devops specialist System administrator 25x Engi eer, site reliability Developer embedded applications or devices Developer, desktop or enterprise applications Engineering manager = 20x Database administrator Developer, game or graphics Produ manager Developer, mobile 15x - - - Effgméer, data - Scientist QA or test igner Academic researcher Data or usiness analyst lox Data scientist or machine learning specialist 5,000 10,000 Developer front-end 15,000 20,000 Developer, bac -end Developer, full-stack 25,01 Number of developers

经验和性别

从学习代码开始，各个范围的年限中女性所占的比例

Less than 5 years 5 to g years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 years or more 0.3%

性取向

看来正常的性取向还是占多数的

Straight / Heterosexual Bisexual Gay or Lesbian 921%

残疾状态

大概15%的人说自己有各种各样程度的残疾

I have an anxiety disorder I have a mood or emotional disorder (e.g. depression, bipolar disorder) I have a concentration and/or memory disorder (e.g. ADHD) I have autism / an autism spectrum disorder (e.g. Asper*r's) 72% 7.2%

年纪

大龄程序员还能生存吗，我们可以看到70%的人小于35，所以即使在国外，码农的35岁也是一个坎啊。

Younger than 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 years and older 124%

年纪和国家

各个国家的码农平均年纪，美国的平均年龄是33.7。

United States United Kingdom Canada Netherlands Germany France Brazil Poland India 337 319

最流行的技术

语言

这个大概是大家最关注的的了，Javascript终于到达了第一。

JavaScript SQL Bash/She I WPowerSheI I Ruby Assembly Objective-C Julia

Web框架

哪个Web框架是最流行的呢？React还是Angular，还是Vue呢？看起来JQuery还是以其基础占据了榜单的榜首。

jQuery React.js Angular ASP.NET ASP.NETCore Vue.js Spring Angular.js Dja ngo La ravel Ruby on Rails Drupal 25.1% 219% 21.2% 164% 161% 14.2% 111% 4.4%

其他框架，库以及工具

Node.js在这里占据了榜首。

Node.js .NET Core Pandas React Native TensorFlow unity3D Ansible Teraform Flutter Cordova Xamarin Apache Spa rk Torch/PyTorch Puppet Unreal Engine Chef 27.9% 147% 6.4% 2.5%

数据库

业界现在最流行的数据库是什么，MySQL占据了第一，我软的SQL Server竟然排第三，倒也让我有点吃惊。

Microsoft SQL Server SQLite MongoDB Redis MariaDB Oracle Firebase Elasticsearch DynamoDB Cassandra IBM DB2 330% 264% 16.8% 138% 7.1%

平台

Linux和Window毫无疑问还是占据榜首。

Windows Docker Android Pi Microsoft Azure WordPress Google Cloud Platform Kubemetes Heroku Arduino Slack Apps and I ntegrations IBM Cloud or Watson 53.1% 26.2% 122% 11.1% IC6% 73%

最爱的，恐惧的和最想要的技术

最爱的语言

Rust已经连续五年占据榜首了。今年TypeScript超越了Python，到了第二位。

Typescript Julia JavaScript SQL Bash/She I WPowerSheI I Ruby Assembly Objective-C

最恐惧的语言

大家对VBA, Objective-C以及Perl是大家最不想使用的语言

Objective-C Assembly Ruby Bash/She I WPowerSheI I SQL JavaScript Julia 57-1% 37-1%

最想要的语言

这个是还没有使用过，但是想使用的语言排行榜，Python还是大家最想试试的

JavaScript Typescript SQL Ruby 3ash/She I WPowerSheI I Assembly Julia Objective-C 170%

最喜欢的Web框架

ASP.NET Core竟然比React.js更受欢迎，这倒是出乎了我的意料。

ASP.NET core React.js Vue.js Express Spring Django Flask Angu lar La ravel Ruby on Rails ASP.NET jQuery Drupal Angular.js

最喜欢的别的框架，库和工具

.NET Core是大家最喜欢的别的框架

.NET core Torch/PyTorch Te raform Nodajs Ansible React Native Apache Spark Unity 3D Unreal Engine Hadoop Xamarin Puppet

最喜欢的数据库

Redis目前大家最喜欢的数据，紧随其后的时候PostgreSQL和Elasticsearch。

PostgreSQL Mon»D3 Firebase MariaD3 Microsoft SQL Server DynamoD3 SQLite My-SQL Cassandra Couchbase Oracle IBM 032 471%

最喜欢的平台

Linux仍然是大家最喜欢的平台

Linux Raspberry Pi Microsoft Azu re Google Cloud Platform Arduino Slack Apps and Integrations IBM Cloud or WordP ress

开发环境和工具

开发者的主要操作系统

Windows是大家最主要的操作系统。

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合作的工具

GitHub没有辜负最大交友网站的名声。

GitHub Slack Google (Docs, Meet, etc) Gitlab Microsoft Teams Microsoft Azu re Stack Overflow for Teams Face book Wo rkplace

研究工具

当研究一个新的工具的时候，超过四分之三的会使用免费账号来试试。

Start a free trial Ask developers I know/work with Visit developer communities like Stack Overflow Read ratinæ or reviews on third party sites like G2Crowd Research companies that have advertised on sites I visit Research companies that have emailed me 771%

购买影响力

对于组织对技术的付费方面的影响，57%的人对自己的组织多多少少能有点影响。

Ι have a great deal of influence Ι have some influence have little or no influence

高薪技术

使用语言和工资的关系

使用Perl，Scala以及Go语言的工程师的平均薪水最高。

$74k $74k Ruby Bash/She Il/PowerSheII Objective-C Julia Typescript SQL Assembly JavaScript

相关技术

各种技术的相关性

这个主要是由同一个程序员使用的不同技术来确定的。大家可以看看，对你使用技术的相关技术是否有了解。

TensorFlow •s Ter"orm Ansiße ASP NET core oft Azure Torch/Py Rea Ruby on Rails Spark by Unreal Engine •r Old Type CD &tabase &nguage % of Respondents 20.0% 40.0% 60.0% Xamann lar_js Objective-C pt SQL Server Maria B H css

学习和问题的解决

学习新技术的频率

不被淘汰的唯一方法就是持续学习，75%的人会一个月或至少一年更新学习一门新的技术。

e a)uo sJeaK ma; KRAa ao u 0 JeaK e ao uo sguuow Ma; K•aA3

有问题的时候怎么处理

90%的人遇到问题会首先访问Stack Overflow。不亏是我辈的百科全书。

Visit Stack Overflow Do ottkrwork and come back later Watch help tutorial videos Call a coworker or friend Go for a walk or other physical activity Play games Panic Visit another developer community

看到访问过的反应

当我们搜索的结果是我们曾今看到过的反应，大多数人第一反应还是“嘿，兄弟”。

Hello, old friend Indifferent

雇主

雇佣状态

92%人还是全职，看来独立开发者还不是主流

Employed full-time Student Independent contractor, freelancer, or sdf-employed Not employed, but for work Employed part-time Not employed, and not for work Retired 0.5%

加班

75%的人表示会偶尔加班或者每个季度加一两天班（这也能算加班，呜呜）

Rarely: 1-2 days per year or less Occasionally: 1-2 days per quarter but less than monthly Sornetimes: 1-2 days per month but less than weekly Often: 1-2 days per week or more

公司信息

公司大小

Just me - I am a freelancer, sole proprietor, etc. 2 to 9 employes 10 to 19 employees 20 to 99 employees 100 to 499 employees 500 to 999 employees 1,000 4,999 employees 5,000 9,999 employees 10,000 or more employees

入职

对入职流程是否满意，只有48.6%的人对自己公司的入职流程满意。

是否有DevOps专家

是否有DevOps专家看起来目前还是一半对一半。

Not sure

DevOps的重要性

80%的人觉得DevOps还是有用的。

Extremely Somewhat Neutral Not very Not at all 17.4%

职业价值观

开发者对他们工作的感觉

65%的人还是对自己的工作满意的

寻找工作

寻找工作状态

83%的人不处于找工作的状态，看来骑驴找马的状态并不普遍。

I'm not actively but I am open to new opportunities I am not interested in new job opportunities I am actively looking for a job 17.3%

谁正在找工作

把正在找工作的人安装职位进行了分解，大概可以看出哪些职位比较稳定

Academk researcher Data scientist or machine teaming specialist Data or business analyst Developer, game or graphics Develow, mobile Engineer, data Database administrator Deve10Rr, front-end Developer, emtkdded applications or devices Developer, QA or test back-end Developer, full-stack Engineer, reliability desktop or enterprise applications Sy<em administrator Product manager Engineering manager DevOps specialist Sen ior executive/VP 176% 157%

求职因素

为什么要找新的工作呢，毫无疑问，钱还是最重要的。

Better co mpensation Wanting to work with new technologies Curious about other opportunities Growth or opportunities Better workflife balance Trouble with leadership at my company to Having a bad day (or week or month) at work Trouble with my direct manager Just baa use Trouble with my teammates Wanting to share accomplishments with a wider network 57.1%

求职中如何了解公司的

看来大家还是比较倾向于到各种八卦网站去看看对公司的评价。

Company reviews from third party sites (e.g. Glassdoor, Blind) Read company media, such as employee blogs or company culture videos Personal network - friends or family Read other media like news articles, fou nder profiles, etc. the company Directly asking current or past employees at the company Publicly available financial information (e.g. Crunchbase)

工作优先级

最重要的工作因素

能够想到使用什么技术以及同事的情况是码农们最关注的的。

Languages, frameworks, and other technologies I'd be working with Office environment or company culture Flex time or a flexible schedule Opportunities for professional development Rem Ote work options How widely used or impact-ful my work output would Industry that I'd in Family friendliness Financial wformance status of the company or organization Spaific department or team I'd be working on Diversity of the company or organization 20.8%

工资

不同开发者的工资

做个manager不会错的，哈哈

Engineering manager Engineer, reliability DevOps specialist Engineer, data Data scientist or machine teaming specialist Developer, emtkdded applications or devices desktop or enterprise applications Data or business analyst Developer, full-stack Sy<em administrator back-end Developer, QA or test Database administrator Developer, game or graphics Develo—, front-end Develow, mobile Academk researcher

工资和经验以及开发类型的关系

经验越高工资越高，这也合理。

,ooo S70,ooo Data engineer S60:000 Data scientist SRE DevO s specialist Product Embedd s developer eveloper,— desktop Number of respondents 5.000 Developer, full-stack Dev _end Scientist Data or business Developer, QA or test Developer, back-end Developer, game or graphics System administrator—4 ,ooo S40,ooo Educator Developer, mobile Academic researcher 9 O Designer 10 Database administrator 11 Average years of professional programming experience

工资经验和语言的关系

其实有些语言工资就是高，哈哈

,ooo S40,ooo Scala Rust Go Bash/Shell/P Haskell Julia pythori Kotlin escript SQL avaScript HTMWCSS Dart rShell ective-C Assembly o 11 p erl Number of respondents (D 5.000 15.000 20.000 13 Average years of professional programming experience

每周工作时间

大多数人还是正常工作。

Less than 30 hours 30 to 34 hours 35 to 39 hours 40 to 44 hours 45 to 49 hours 50 to 54 hours 55 to 59 hours 60 to 64 hours 65 to hours 70 hours or more

原报告地址： https://insights.stackoverflow.com/survey/2020#work-onboarding

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